منابع مشابه
THE FRANK KINETIC MODEL FOR SPONTANEOUS CHIRAL SYMMETRY BREAKING WITH VARIABLE CONCENTRATION OF THE ACHIRAL SUBSTRATE
This paper considers the possibility of spontaneous transition of aracemic mixture (composed of equal amounts of two enantiomeric species, say L and D) into a monochiral state (in which only one enantiomer, say L, is present). Transitions of this kind have been recently experimentally observed. A plausible approach to this phenomenon is a model put forward by Frank, based on simple laws of ...
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A conservative class of constraint satisfaction problems (csps) is a class for which membership is preserved under arbitrary domain reductions. Many well-known tractable classes of csps are conservative. It is well known that lexleader constraints may significantly reduce the number of solutions by excluding symmetric solutions of csps. We show that adding certain lexleader constraints to any i...
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We can break symmetry by eliminating solutions within each symmetry class. For instance, the Lex-Leader method eliminates all but the smallest solution in the lexicographical ordering. Unfortunately, the Lex-Leader method is intractable in general. We prove that, under modest assumptions, we cannot reduce the worst case complexity of breaking symmetry by using other orderings on solutions. We a...
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Metamaterials have extraordinary abilities, such as imaging beyond the diffraction limit and invisibility. Many metamaterials are based on split-ring structures, however, like atomic orbital currents, it has long been believed that closed rings cannot produce negative refractive index. Here we report a low-loss and polarization-independent negative-index metamaterial made solely of closed metal...
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In 1998, Bender and Boettcher found that a wide class of Hamiltonians, even though non-Hermitian, can still exhibit entirely real spectra provided that they obey parity-time requirements or PT symmetry. Here we demonstrate experimentally passive PT-symmetry breaking within the realm of optics. This phase transition leads to a loss induced optical transparency in specially designed pseudo-Hermit...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physical Review A
سال: 1984
ISSN: 0556-2791
DOI: 10.1103/physreva.29.1964